Ammonia Emissions Drive Severe PM2.5 Pollution Across IGP

Agricultural ammonia emissions combine with industrial acids across the Indo-Gangetic Plain to form secondary inorganic particles that choke winter air.

A 2025 study by the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air found secondary pollutants responsible for nearly one-third of India's PM2.5 pollution.

IIT Bombay Professor Srinidhi Balasubramanian estimates that agricultural farming accounts for 80 to 85 percent of India's ammonia source.