
A baseline survey by the NFSSM Alliance revealed that only 40% of Gangtok's population and roughly half of urban households in Sikkim are connected to piped sewerage networks.
The study noted that Sikkim's wastewater infrastructure remains underdeveloped compared to national benchmarks, strained further by heavy monsoon downpours and mountainous terrain.
The report recommends establishing a dedicated State Sanitation Cell and investing in climate-resilient, decentralised treatment plants.