Geography and state location dictate private coaching access in India

Data from the National Statistics Office's Comprehensive Modular Survey on Education 2025 reveals that 27% of Indian schoolchildren pay for private tuition outside school.

Analysis shows per-capita state income does not determine coaching rates, with poorer eastern states like Tripura (79%) and West Bengal (75%) recording the highest participation.

The national caste gap in coaching largely disappears when comparing students within the same state, except for Adivasi children who face a persistent nine-point gap.